Are school uniforms limiting physical activity?

Could school uniforms be holding back primary school pupils, particularly girls, from getting enough exercise? Research from the University of Cambridge suggests so

CREDIT: This is an edited version of an article that originally appeared on The Guardian 

In countries where school uniforms are standard, fewer children meet the World Health Organisation’s recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity, especially among primary school girls, according to a study by the University of Cambridge. Interestingly, this gender gap isn’t as pronounced among secondary school students.

Published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science, the study analysed data from over 1 million children aged 5 to 17 globally, along with information on school uniform prevalence. While the study doesn’t definitively prove uniforms limit activity, it builds on previous findings, indicating a need for further research.

Younger children often engage in incidental exercise during the school day, like running and active play during breaks. However, the study confirms that certain types of clothing, like skirts or dresses, can make girls feel less comfortable participating in physical activities.

Dr. Mairead Ryan from the University of Cambridge suggests that while uniforms have their place, schools should consider their design’s impact on physical activity opportunities throughout the day.

Girls’ comfort matters

Dr. Esther van Sluijs emphasises the importance of girls feeling comfortable and confident in their attire for physical activities. Social norms and expectations can influence their participation, especially if they feel restricted by their clothing choices.

The WHO recommends at least 60 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity daily for young people. However, the study shows that most children, especially girls, aren’t meeting this goal.

The study highlights a consistent gender gap in physical activity levels, with boys more likely to meet WHO recommendations. In countries with fewer uniform-wearing norms, this gap is narrower.

Sarah Hannafin, the head of policy at the school leaders’ union NAHT, said: “Physical activity, PE and sport are an important part of the school day and curriculum for pupils. Schools do much to help ensure all pupils are healthy and physically active and break down barriers to participation, including among girls – and this includes considering the uniform choices available for children.”

While school uniforms serve various purposes, their impact on physical activity warrants consideration. As schools strive to promote health and well-being, finding a balance between uniform policies and activity opportunities is key.